Walk Through a Hydroelectric Project
Click here for a graphic showing steps for generating hydropower.
Introduction
HYDROPOWER is a clean, low cost and renewable energy source that takes an unpredictable resource — rainfall and snowpack — and turn it into a reliable source of electricity. Hydroelectric projects can support recreation, irrigation, flood control, transportation and habitat needs.
1. The Penstock
WATER FROM A river or reservoir flows into the powerhouse. Commonly a penstock, a large pipe that can be above or below ground, is used to direct the water flow.
2. Turbine Blades
TURBINE BLADES are pushed by flowing water from the penstock, causing them to rotate.
THE SHAPE AND ANGLE of the turbine blades transfers the energy of falling water to rotate the shaft.
3. Turbine Shaft
THE SHAFT connects the turbine to the generator, turning at the same speed as the turbine.
4. Generator (Rotor)
INSIDE THE GENERATOR the spinning shaft turns magnets inside a stationary ring of copper, moving electrons to produce electricity.
5. Step Up Transformer
STEP UP TRANSFORMERS increase the voltage of electricity produced by the generator.
6. Transmission Lines
TRANSMISSON LINES carry high voltage electricity to substations in our communities.
7. Substations
AT SUBSTATIONS the voltage is decreased and the power is distributed to homes and businesses.
8. Homes & Businesses
SUBSTATIONS Before reaching our home or business from substations, voltage is again decreased at transformers. As shown in the picture, transformers are often seen at the top of power poles.
9. Water Flow
WATER FLOW is used to turn turbines returns to the river.
10. Spillway
SPILLWAYS release water downstream that is not directed to the powerhouse to generate electricity.